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Leveraging electronic health records to improve management of noncommunicable diseases at primary healthcare centres in Saudi arabia: a qualitative study

BMC Family Exercise volume 22, Article number:106 (2021) Cite this article

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Abstract

Groundwork

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) tin can contribute to the earlier detection and ameliorate treatment of chronic diseases by improving accuracy and accessibility of patient data. The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) implemented an EHR system in all primary health care clinics (PHCs) equally function of measures to improve their functioning in managing chronic disease. This report examined the perspective of physicians on the current scope and content of NCDs management at PHCs including the contribution of the EHR system.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 physicians working in chronic disease clinics at PHCs covering a range of locations and clinic sizes. The participants were selected based on their expertise using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. The interviews were transcribed, analyzed and coded into the key themes.

Results

Physicians indicated that the availability of the EHR helped organise their work and positively influenced NCDs patient encounters in their PHCs. They emphasised the multiple benefits of EHR in terms of efficiency, including the accurateness of patient documentation and the availability of patient information. Shortcomings identified included the lack of a patient portal to allow patients to access information nearly their health and lack of capacity to facilitate multi-disciplinary treat example through referral to allied health services. Access to the EHR was limited to MOH principal healthcare centres and clinicians noted that patients also received care in private clinics and hospitals.

Conclusion

While well regarded past clinicians, the EHR organization touch on on patient intendance at chronic affliction clinics is not beingness fully realised. Enabling patient access to their EHR would be help promote self-management, a core aspect of effective NCD management. Co-ordination of care is another cadre attribute and in the Saudi health organization with multiple public and individual providers, this may be substantially improved if the patients EHR was accessible wherever intendance was provided. There is likewise a need for enhanced capacity to support improving patient'southward diet and physical activity.

Peer Review reports

Groundwork

Electronic health tape (EHR) systems are increasingly viewed as a core tool in improving the overall quality, efficiency and safety of healthcare [1, 2]. In simple terms, adopting such systems enables healthcare professionals to provide better healthcare through better tape keeping, decision making and patient care monitoring. At a system level EHRs facilitate monitoring of quality and issue of health care and improve identification of resource utilisation at a patient level. Research [iii] stresses the potential of EHRs in healthcare facilities to ameliorate system functioning in general and to reduce the full cost of healthcare services.

Saudi arabia has made substantial progress in the implementation of EHRs in both hospitals and PHCs in recent years. The adoption of EHRs in Saudi Arabia is driven past the MOH's 2011 National E-Wellness Strategy, which was designed to facilitate the transition of the healthcare industry from newspaper-based to electronic platform in order to improve quality of healthcare services [four]. The MOH is the major government provider of 60% of healthcare services with a total of 282 hospitals and 2,361 primary health care facilities. Other quasi-governmental health institutions provide x% while private sector provides 30% of healthcare services [5]. Previous studies on EHRs adoption have primarily focused on hospital settings rather than PHCs and reported lower rates of EHR adoption at PHCs [vi, 7]. Those conducted in PHCs have not provided sufficient information about healthcare professionals' perceptions and NCDs management in relation to the implementation of EHRs in PHCs.

Master healthcare centres (PHCs) play an important part in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Saudi Ministry building of Health (MOH) is implementing a national strategy to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases including establishing chronic disease intendance clinics within PHCs [8]. The accuracy and accessibility of recording observations through EHRs contributes to the early detection and better treatment of chronic diseases. For this reason, the MOH decided to implement an EHR organization in all PHCs in 2019 as part of measures to ameliorate their performance in managing chronic disease, with the aim of reducing avoidable hospital presentation and admissions and improving overall healthcare services.

The results presented here are part of a mixed-methods study to examine the Saudi national policies and strategies to prevent and command NCDs and their chance factors. This newspaper provides an overview from the perspective of physicians of the current scope and content of NCDs management at PHCs including the contribution of the EHR organisation.

Methods

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was undertaken with physicians who had at least one-year experience at PHCs to collect information about the current scope and content of NCDs direction. The participants were selected based on their expertise and place of exercise using a combination of purposive (targeting clinics in different communities) and convenience (doctors bachelor and willing to participate at selected clinics) sampling [nine]. A final sample of 22 physicians from the MOH working in chronic disease clinics at PHCs were interviewed covering a range of locations and clinic sizes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabi's capital city. Recruitment ceased once data saturation of themes was achieved, pregnant new additional information was no longer reported [10]. The showtime author (AH) conducted all the interviews using a semi-structured guide betwixt May 2019 and August 2019.

The semi-structured interview guide was adult after reviewing the relevant literature on NCDs and healthcare systems in Saudi arabia [11,12,13,14]. The physicians' interview guide included questions regarding their views on the current EHR system, impact of EHR on management of NCDs and perceptions related to training in using the EHR. All physicians interviewed were willing to participate and responded to the interview questions. We ensured that there was no social desirability bias in this study as in that location was no prior human relationship between the interviewees and interviewer. The interviews were sound recorded, transcribed and coded into key themes. A thematic assay framework was used for the data analysis consisting of six steps: condign familiar with the data, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes and writing the research report [15]. The use of thematic analysis helped to summarise key features of data and highlight similarities and differences in data sets. NVivo software was used to organise and code the information [sixteen]. The approval to deport this written report was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Saudi Ministry of Health with a reference number. IRB log No:2019–0028 E.

Results

Findings are grouped co-ordinate to the following 4 themes that were derived from the interviews: current NCDs programs, impact on patient care, affect on physicians' work and bear upon of EHR systems beyond the PHCs.

Current NCDs programs

The Saudi MOH developed programs to reduce the incidence of NCDs and to amend the quality of life of the Saudi population. These programs are active in all government PHCs and focus on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory disease, obesity and cancer (mainly breast and colon). The interviewees noted the value of the EHR to improving the effectiveness of these programs. The importance of the MOH in taking a leadership role in making these changes was identified also as the demand for ongoing preparation for physicians. The interviewees reported that that the MOH programs improved access to PHCs and the prevention components increased counselling almost healthy eating habits and smoking cessation. However, they identified the need for more effective programs to promote healthy nutrition and concrete activeness including meliorate access to dietitians/nutritionists. They stressed the importance of increasing outreach programs and widening participation in communities; they stated these goals required increased staff numbers at PHCs. They acknowledged that ongoing training had helped them to implement the MOH'southward NCDs programs and to go familiar with using the EHR. They preferred online training to in-person training sessions, equally this more flexible tailored training helped them to maintain their workflow efficiency. Finally, they emphasised the necessity for all physicians to railroad train in use of the EHR and wanted advanced training on how to utilise the system's customisation features and shortcuts in order to maximise their efficiency.

Impact on patient care

The majority of physicians interviewed reported that the health information system'due south adaptations and the availability of the EHR positively influenced encounters for patients with NCDs in their PHCs. The interviewees identified a number of key benefits of EHRs in their responses near caring for patients with NCDs, which can be broadly categorised as efficiency and useability. The physicians explained the ways in which the EHR made NCDs patient intendance more efficient. For example, ane doctor stated, 'Electronic wellness records make our work easier, as nosotros get the patients' records and results whenever the patients visit united states of america – this saves time and effort' (Phys 21, xi years).

The main theme derived from the interviewees was the positive effects of EHR on the workflow of care. They emphasised the multiple benefits of EHR in terms of efficiency, including the accuracy of patient documentation and the availability of patient information, which were oftentimes difficult to discover in their handwritten files. They besides highlighted the benefits of having EHR data considering it could aid them to screen patients with NCDs for the early on detection of comorbidities. As one physician stated, 'An of import feature of the electronic file is the availability of the patients' information that allows doctors to diagnose, treat and follow up more quickly' (Phys v, eight years). In terms of useability, ane interviewee highlighted that the '... organization is straightforward and easy to use' (Phys 13, iv years). However, the interviewee continued, the system lacks a patient portal and does not allow patients to admission the full data about their health.

Impact on physicians' work

Equally part of the EHR, patients are required to book an date to visit an MOH PHC via 'Mawid', an electronic service that is a component of the EHR bundle established by the MOH [17]. Booking tin be performed through the 'Mawid' awarding, by calling the MOH call centre or by visiting the patient'south PHC. The interviewees noted that these booking services helped them to organise their piece of work – they were aware of what they would be doing for the mean solar day and so that they could set up, subtract wait times and easily plan for follow-upward with patients. I participant described the importance of adopting EHR as follows: '... electronic health is a milestone in the history of healthcare in Saudi arabia. It improves the management of chronic diseases, raises the quality of health services and reduces file errors' (Phys 1, 12 years).

The interviewees too noted that EHR allows e-prescribe of medication, which is a huge improvement in the old organisation for accessing and prescribing medicine to NCDs patients. The east-prescription app, 'Wasfaty', was designed to facilitate the dispensing of medicine to patients by allowing them to receive the prescription electronically on their phones with a link to the nearest contracted chemist's where they could obtain their prescriptions[eighteen]. Wasfaty ensures the availability of medicines for NCDs patients. Even so, some of the interviewees reflected that they had received complaints from some of their elderly and disadvantaged patients, every bit they faced difficulties getting their medications. The interviewees also highlighted that Wasfaty is not built into the EHR system and operates on a different platform: 'The current programs are separated and tiring to apply, but their services are distinctive. I hope the MOH will combine all the programs into one platform' (Phys 7, 5 years).

Linking of EHR systems

The interviewees stress the demand to allow MOH primary healthcare centres and private clinics to share and link their systems to increase the functionality of EHR. The current EHR is merely linked to MOH main healthcare centres and does not connect to the private clinics and other quasi-governmental wellness institutions in Saudi Arabia. Interviewees reported issues when patients had previously attended quasi-governmental wellness institutions or private clinicians so had follow upward at other master care facilities. One interviewee described this decentralised situation as follows: 'The challenges are the lack of information and not having the medical records and results from private sectors and other facilities outside the Ministry of Health' (Phys 18, 3 years). The interviewees agreed that integrating patient records with other healthcare facilities would facilitate the exchange of wellness information between patients and healthcare professionals.

Word

Our study examined the perspective of physicians on the current scope and content of NCDs management at PHCs including the contribution of the EHR system. Physicians in our report noted benefits of using EHR, which are supported in existing literature. They emphasised the multiple benefits of EHR in terms of efficiency, including the accuracy of patient documentation and the availability of patient data. These benefits accept also been noted in other studies [19,20,21]. While interviewees recognized these benefits, shortcomings identified included the lack of a patient portal to allow patients to access information nearly their health and there is a need for the PHC EHR system to communicate or integrate across other individual and governmental facilities.

Patient portal

Accessing personal health records is seen as one of the most important tools for transforming a wellness information system [22]. This study found that physicians reported a very positive impact of the introduction of an EHR into PHCs. However, the touch on of using the EHR in patient care at chronic disease clinics within PHCs is nevertheless probably not achieving its total potential. The current EHR does not allow patients full access to their health information. Electric current research on patient portals has shown that they can significantly improve patients' adherence to screening recommendations and their ability to self-manage their NCDs by increasing their involvement in their health and focusing conversations on setting goals; overall this has improved patient-centred care delivery and the quality of care [22,23,24,25]. Other researchers accept found that when patients with NCDs can admission and view a patient portal, their satisfaction with care improves, allowing for meliorate management of their conditions too equally increasing their empowerment and engagement in their ain medical decisions [26,27,28].

To maximise the bear upon of intendance on NCDs patients, the EHR should promote a more patient-centric healthcare system, involve them in conclusion-making processes about their care and encourage them to modify unhealthy behaviours past monitoring indicators, introducing vital data and setting health goals. This allows patients to effectively participate in their own healthcare and increases the effectiveness of communication among physicians.

NCDs programs

This enquiry indicates that physicians saw a need for more effective programs to promote healthy nutrition and physical activity as well equally better access to nutritionists. There is a bully opportunity for multisectoral collaboration between nutritionists and dietitians in the private sector and MOH facilities. 1 pick, which could exist facilitated through the EHR, would exist a diet referral scheme to facilitate formal referral of MOH PHC patients to an accredited dietitian. The interviewees acknowledged providing diet counselling forms part of their office as healthcare providers [29]; however, they are not always able to provide detailed diet advice that results in meaningful changes for their patients [thirty]; thus, collaboration between medical professionals and nutritionists is essential [31]. Studies have reported on the effectiveness and cost benefits of dietitians' intervention in NCDs patients, including lowering risk factors associated with NCDs, claret pressure, glucose levels, lipid levels and weight; this is particularly constructive when the dietitians are part of a multidisciplinary healthcare team [32,33,34,35].

The key enablers of increased physical action amid patients with NCDs in PHCs are social support, multi-disciplinary approaches and motivational interviewing [36]. Toll-effective interventions such as counselling based on self-reported activities can positively impact the health outcomes of NCDs patients, increasing levels of physical activity and reducing the risk of NCDs. Frank [37] found that concrete activity interventions and counselling had a positive effect in the short- to medium-term on patients with NCDs. Every bit these patients tend to regularly attend primary healthcare centres, screening programs for physical activity during consultations should exist adopted. The EHR could help patients make positivewellness behaviour changes by tracking the commitment of preventive care that recommended beyond primary healthcare centres [38, 39] and montioring patient responses. This written report stresses the need for interventions that encourage promoting the frequency of concrete action, for case, collaborating with gyms to create referral programs.

System improvement

The MOH placed a lot of accent on technology to enhance NCD care. The Wasfaty prescribing program is considered a positive footstep, providing easier admission for near patients to their medications. Improving medication policies and patient adherence reduces the economical and health burdens caused past NCDs [twoscore]. However, Wasfaty may exist less attractive to elderly patients living within walking distance to their PHCs, equally they adopt to have their medications dispensed from the same PHC rather than being referred to a carve up chemist's. Solutions to this include policies that ensure prescribed medications are available at PHCs and home delivery/mail delivery. Overall, reducing barriers to obtaining medications improves adherence to medication [41]. Therefore, medication services demand to be responsive to the needs of older and disadvantaged people.

The EHR has been implemented in chronic illness clinics at PHCs in order to amend the quality and efficiency of the healthcare they offering. The present study has institute that physicians must employ iii different platforms to complete patient care deportment, which increases their workload. A critical further comeback to the EHR functionalities is integrating the three platforms to simplify physician requirements in delivering clinical care. This is an important barrier to obtaining the full benefits of the EHR system, as reducing administrative task time and complexity can increase physicians' clinical time, potentially quality of care and work satisfaction [42, 43].

Integration of patient records

The MOH should prioritise completing linkages between the MOH and other private and governmental wellness agencies EHR systems. Disconnected EHR systems between sectors obviously take implications for efficiency of healthcare delivery. A singular system, or at least systems that can inter-communicate, should be implemented in all hospitals, clinics and specialised centres in the land to ensure one unified electronic patient record that is hands accessible regardless of where the patient is existence treated. Integrating patient records could significantly reduce unnecessary duplication of services and care and positively bear upon the land's healthcare upkeep, for example past preventing the unnecessary repetition of pathology and radiology tests [44]. It can reduce medication wastage and improves coordination and thereby quality of patient care past facilitating physicians access patient information where patients use different healthcare clinics. A structured commutation of clinical information among healthcare providers of NCDs patients enhances care coordination and improves that continuity and safety of care; it likewise supports better NCDs direction [45, 46].

Conclusion

EHRs have many positive benefits when applied in healthcare. The impact of Saudi EHR employ on patient intendance at chronic disease clinics in PHCs is non being fully realised despite the positive attitudes of the interviewees in the present written report. The need for the EHR system to allow patient access to their healthcare data was seen as a function which would enhance its chapters to support chronic disease management. Similarly, there is a need for the PHC EHR system to communicate or integrate across other private and governmental facilities. At that place is besides a need for enhanced capacity to support patients with diet and physical activity. Overall efficiency of doc time would be enhanced by an integration of the EHR organization with systems for patient booking, prescribing and referral. This research suggests future studies should monitor the impact of EHR utilisation on physician satisfaction, workload efficiency and patient care.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and/or analysed during the electric current written report are not publicly available due [containing interviews that analysed into themes] merely are available from the respective author on reasonable asking.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the aid of the physicians who participated in the study, which was took place at the Chronic disease clinics at MOH PHCs in Riyadh.

Funding

This inquiry is supported by Saudi Electronic University, Saudi Arabia, in terms of a PhD scholarship for AH.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Menzies Middle for Health Policy and Economic science, Sydney School of Public Wellness, Academy of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Ahmed Hazazi & Andrew Wilson

  2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic Academy, Riyadh, Saudi arabia

    Ahmed Hazazi

Contributions

All authors contributed to initiating the conception and design of the study. AH conducted the interviews, analysed the data and drafted the initial manuscript. AW guided analysis, critically revised the manuscript and approved the concluding manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding writer

Correspondence to Ahmed Hazazi.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Upstanding approval was obtained from the Saudi Ministry of Health with a reference number. IRB log No:2019–0028 E. Upstanding principles were maintained throughout the research. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Helsinki annunciation. Informed written consent was taken from all participants prior to interviews.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they accept no competing interests.

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Hazazi, A., Wilson, A. Leveraging electronic health records to ameliorate management of noncommunicable diseases at main healthcare centres in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study. BMC Fam Pract 22, 106 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01456-2

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Keywords

  • Electronic Health Record
  • Noncommunicable Diseases
  • Primary Healthcare Centres

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